Cash and Accounts Monetary resources can typically be liquidated within 20 days. These include cash, savings accounts, checking accounts, money market accounts and the like. Medicaid always “counts” monetary assets when determining Medicaid eligibility. Specifically, 20 C.F.R § 416.1201(b) provides: “Liquid resources are cash or other property which can be converted to cash within 20 […]
One of the issues families consider as loved ones age is whether an elder is susceptible to financial elder abuse. When trying to protect mom or dad (or another elderly loved one), sometimes famlies overstep. Paternalism is not appropriate when an elder is capable of making his or her own decisions; if the elder has […]
Government Bonds are debt instruments issued by a government entity. The most common form of government bond owned by a Medicaid applicantis U.S. Savings Bonds. Savings bonds are not transferrable. They can only be sold back to the government. If they are owned solely by the applicant or the applicant’s spouse, they are countable. However, […]
General Rule One vehicle of any value is exempt. If the applicant has more than one vehicle, then the most valuable vehicle will be exempt and other vehicles will count toward the $2,000 resource limit. In Georgia, “Automobile” means any vehicle used for transportation. These include cars, trucks, motorcycles, golf carts, animal-drawn vehicles and animals. […]
The Uniform Partition of Heirs Property Act (“UPHPA”) has been enacted in 21 States. It is designed to preserve family wealth passed to the next generation in the form of real proeprty. In Georgia, the Act is codified at O.C.G.A. § 44-6-180 through § 44-6-189.1. Initially, when a partition action is filed, the Act requires […]
POMS SI 01120.010 provides that an individual must have some form of ownership interest in property in order for the property to be considered a resource. [For presumably liquid resources (SI 01110.305), assume that the person whose name is shown as owner owns the entire resource. If more than one owner is shown, assume that […]
In Georgia, O.C.G.A. 53-7-40 provides that claims are paid in the following order: Unless otherwise provided by law, all property of the estate, both real and personal, shall be liable for the payment of claims against the estate in the following order: (1) Year’s support for the family;(2) Funeral expenses, whether or not the decedent […]
Assets are things you own that have value. Assets include all income and all resources. 42 U.S.C. § 1396p(h)(1). They are one-half of a net-worth calculation (the other half being liabilities). Medicaid treats different types of assets differently, with some being countable and others being non-countable (or exempt) during the eligibility determination. Recall that you […]
Another “option” that may be considered in appropriate cases is divorce. Deeming between spouses terminates when the marriage terminates. In most cases, this “option” should be avoided because the emotional turmoil associated with divorce is significant and the CSRA can be set by court order, see § 1396r-5(f)(2)(iv) and (f)(3). Divorce also prevents an applicant […]
MCCA includes a mechanism for increasing both the CSRA and the MMMNA in certain cases. The methods by which this can be effected are described in 1396r-5(e), (d)(5) and (f)(3). Blumberg v. Tennessee Department of Human Resources, 2000 WL 1586454 (Tenn.Ct.App.) was a case where a Community Spouse sought a court adjustment of the default […]
As eligibility is being determined, if the Community Spouse’s monthly income falls below the Minimum Monthly Maintenance Needs Allowance (“MMMNA”), then MCCA contemplates two methods of raising her income up to the MMMNA. First, a portion of the Institutionalized Spouse’s income may be transferred to her to bring her income up to the MMMNA. Second, […]
Income and resources are treated differently. Unlike resources, income is not pooled in determining eligibility; the Community Spouse’s separate income is never considered available to the Institutionalized Spouse. Thus, the standard income eligibility process for one person applies. First, all income earned by the Community Spouse is always unavailable to pay nursing home bills, regardless […]
In Dullard v. Minnesota Department of Human Services, 529 N.W.2d 438, 443 (Minn. App. 1995), Minnesota was allowed to reevaluate eligibility after a couple moved from Illinois to Minnesota. There, Illinois (like Georgia) allowed the Community Spouse to keep the maximum CSRA, while Minnesota (like Tennessee) applied a formula resulting in a lower CSRA. The […]
Some couples might consider reducing the size of the marital estate by giving their resources away. Frequently this is the result when the plan is “home-made.” However, transfers for less than fair market value, including complete and partial gifts) trigger a period of ineligibility. 42 U.S.C. 1396p(c). It does not matter whether the applicant or […]
Federal law protects the healthy (or healthier) spouse of a nursing home resident. The healthier spouse is known in Medicaidland as the Community Spouse. The protections, known as the Spousal Impoverishment Rule (but logically be called the anti-impoverishment rule) were passed as part of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988, P.ub. L. No. 100-360 […]
The following the committe report for the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988 (MCCA): The leading cause of financial catastrophe among the elderly is the need for long-term care, especially the need for nursing home placement. The expense of nursing home care–which can range from $2,000 to $3,000 per month or more–has the potential for […]
While nursing home bills accrue, the healthy or well spouse, known as the “Community Spouse,” [Note 1] struggles to identify and keep income and resources that are necessary to support herself. [Note 2]. To remedy this situation, Congress enacted spousal impoverishment provisions as part of the Medicare Catastrophic Coverage Act of 1988 (“MCCA”). [Note 3]. […]
If you agree to file a client’s Medicaid application as part of your representation, here are a few practical considerations. Keep in mind, these suggestions are how we handle matters in our office. If you have a different approach, that’s fine. If you have suggestions on other ways to approach applications, we’d love to hear […]
We regularly post links to news articles and other resources related to Elder Law and Special Needs Law. We focus on general news, health and healthcare news, special needs news, events, government sources, financial and retirement news and legal news. Some cited resources are for professionals, but most are news or other helpful articles we […]
We regularly post links to news articles and other resources related to Elder Law and Special Needs Law. We focus on general news, health and healthcare news, special needs news, events, government sources, financial and retirement news and legal news. Some cited resources are for professionals, but most are news or other helpful articles we […]
In States where Medicaid disability determinations are performed by the Social Security Administration, the eligibility rules cannot be more restrictive than the SSI eligibility Rules. Section 1902(r)(2) [42 U.S.C. § 1396a] indicates a State’s Medicaid eligibility criteria can be no more restrictive than the SSI program. Specifically it states: (2) (A) The methodology to be employed […]
Medicare is a nationwide health insurance program for individuals aged 65 and over and certain disabled individuals. The basic Medicare benefit package (termed “original Medicare” in this report) provides broad protection against the costs of many health care services. However, Medicare beneficiaries may still have significant additional costs, including copayments, coinsurance, deductibles, and the full […]
On December 8, 2003, the President signed the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement, and Modernization Act of 2003, P.L. 108-173. On November 22, 2003, the House of Representatives voted 220 to 215 to approve H.R. 1, the Medicare prescription drug and modernization conference agreement. The Senate voted 54 to 44 to approve the conference agreement on […]
The Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) was created in 1997 to give health insurance and preventive care to nearly 11 million, or 1 in 7, uninsured American children. Many of these children came from uninsured working families that earned too much to be eligible for Medicaid. All 50 states, the District of Columbia, and the […]
The 2010 Affordable Care Act (ACA) brought the Health Insurance Marketplace, a single place where consumers can apply for and enroll in private health insurance plans. It also made new ways for us to design and test how to pay for and deliver health care. Medicare and Medicaid have also been better coordinated to make […]
There are five levels in the Medicare claims appeal process: Level 1: Your Health Plan. If you disagree with a Medicare coverage decision, you may request your health plan to redetermine your claim. Level 2: An Independent Organization. If you disagree with the decision in Level 1, you may request a reconsideration by an independent […]
For more programmatic information, please see reports published by the Congressional Research Service. CRS works exclusively for the United States Congress, providing policy and legal analysis to Committees and Members of both the House and Senate, regardless of party affiliation. Legislative History The following provides a brief legislative history for Medicare from the prior Green Book […]
Initial Enrollment Period If you are receiving Social Security or Railroad Retirement Benefits, then you will automatically get Medicare Part A starting the first day of the month you turn 65. You have the option of enrolling in Part B, with the Initial Enrollment Period beginning three months prior to the month when you turn […]
Medicare Part D was created as part of the Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003, with an effective date of January 1, 2006. It is designed to subsidize the cost of prescription drugs for Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. Medicare Part D was estabilshed as part of the Medicare Prescription Drug […]
Medicare Advantage replaced prior programs, alternatively called Medicare+Choice or Part C, which originated in the Balanced Budget Act of 1997. The Medicare Prescription Drug, Improvement and Modernization Act of 2003 altered those programs and renamed them as Medicare Advantage. Medicare Advantage Plans must cover all of the services that Original Medicare covers except hospice care […]
Medicare part B is voluntary. All persons over age 65 and all persons enrolled in part A may enroll in part B by paying a monthly premium. The 2022 monthly premium is $170.10 (0r higher depending on your income). Part B covers medically necessary doctor’s services, outpatient care, home health services (those not covered by […]
Part A provides most of your institutional coverage. It covers inpatient care in hospitals, inpatient care in a skilled nursing facility (not custodial or long-term care), hospice care services, home health care services and inpatient care in a religious nonmedical health care institution. Part A also covers blood. If the hospital uses a blood bank, […]
On September 27, 2022, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) released the 2023 premiums, deductibles, and coinsurance amounts for the Medicare Part A and Part B programs, and the 2023 Medicare Part D income-related monthly adjustment amounts. Medicare Part B Premium and Deductible Medicare Part B covers physician services, outpatient hospital services, certain […]
On September 29, 2022, CMS issued the following press release regarding 2023 premiums for Medicare Advantage and Prescription Drug Plans: The Biden-Harris Administration has made expanding access to health insurance and lowering health care costs for America’s families a top priority, and today, the Administration is announcing that people with Medicare will see lower premiums […]
We regularly post links to news articles and other resources related to Elder Law and Special Needs Law. We focus on general news, health and healthcare news, special needs news, events, government sources, financial and retirement news and legal news. Some cited resources are for professionals, but most are news or other helpful articles we […]
The dictionary definition of “signature” is “a person’s name written in a distinctive way as a form of identification in authorizing a check or document or concluding a letter.” There are no grades for penmanship when signing legal documents. Your signature is your mark, which is exactly how Georgia law defines it: “Signature” or “subscription” […]
On September 15, 2022, the Ohio Court of Appeals affirmed a Probate Court decision appointing a guardian despite a spotty record of the proceedings below. In In re Guardianship of S.B., the proposed was suffered a traumatic brain injury. In 2004, the ward’s father filed a petition for guardianship and was appointed guardian. In 2007, […]
In the late 1990s, Dr. Ed Wagner (and his team at the Macccoll Center – now the ACT Center), created the Chronic Care Model for the delivery of care. They had the support of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The chronic care model recognizes that when care is delivered over time, patient involvement becomes increasingly […]
We regularly post links to news articles and other resources related to Elder Law and Special Needs Law. We focus on general news, health and healthcare news, special needs news, events, government sources, financial and retirement news and legal news. Some cited resources are for professionals, but most are news or other helpful articles we […]
In our August 26, 2022, News Roundup, we reported that Talevski v. Health and Hospital Corporation of Marion County (HHC) was headed to the Supreme Court. The case concerns the rights of nursing home residents. The Plaintiff argued the nursing home violated his rights under the Federal Nursing Home Reform Act (FNHRA). The nursing home […]
The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) regularly records and posts informational workshops on a variety of subjects. For example, the workshop recorded on August 2, 2022, regarding Social Security addresses a range of retirement issues for students. To participate live, or to hear a previously recorded program, you will need to create a […]
We regularly post links to news articles and other resources related to Elder Law and Special Needs Law. We focus on general news, health and healthcare news, special needs news, events, government sources, financial and retirement news and legal news. Some cited resources are for professionals, but most are news or other helpful articles we […]
Medicaid beneficiaries cannot “fix” eligibility by giving away resources. A transfer of resources without receipt of fair market value will trigger calculation of a transfer penalty. “The penalty for an institutionalized individual consists of ineligibility for certain services for a period or periods of ineligibility that equal the number of months calculated by taking the […]
As with the income rules, the resource defaults may be changed. First, if all of the Applicant’s income has been diverted to the Community Spouse and the monthly income available to the Community Spouse still does not reach the minimum monthly maintenance needs allowance, then 42 U.S. Code § 1396r–5(e)(2)(C) provides an administrative remedy for […]
A Community Spouse is entitled to a resource allowance in addition to the income allowance. 42 U.S. Code § 1396r–5(f)(1) and (2) provide: (1) In general An institutionalized spouse may, without regard to section 1396p(c)(1) of this title, transfer an amount equal to the community spouse resource allowance (as defined in paragraph (2)), but only […]
The SSI regulations describe deeming as the process of considering another person’s income or resources to be your own. See 20 CFR § 416.1160 (income) and 20 CFR § 416.1202 (Resources). Prior to the time Medicaid is approved, all marital resources are deemed available to the Applicant. See 42 U.S. Code § 1396r–5(c)(2)(A). However, 42 […]
As a general rule, all countable resources owned by the Institutionalized Spouse are considered available to pay his or her nursing home bills. It does not matter whether the resource is co-owned with someone else unless co-ownership makes it impossible to liquidate the resource. Georgia ABD Manual § 2300 states that resources include cash, other […]
The law protects a Community Spouse with low income. It does this by diverting a portion of the applicant’s income to the Community Spouse. The rules are different in each state so we’re giving you the law. In 2023, states that allow a maximum income allowance say that a Community Spouse with less than $3,715.50 […]
On the income side, there are three pathways to Medicaid eligibility for nursing home residents. First, SSI recipients are almost always eligible. Second, in most States, if the resident’s income does not exceed 300% of the federal poverty level ($2,742 in 2023), then he or she qualifies for Medicaid under a “special income level.” Third, […]
In evaluating financial eligibility for Medicaid, both monthly income and resources must be considered. The basic rule is everything having value is an asset. 42 U.S.C. § 1396p(h)(1). This includes monthly income and resources. Income includes both earned and unearned income. 42 U.S.C. § 1396p(h)(2) incorporates by reference the definition of income found at 42 […]
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