In North Carolina Department of Revenue v. The Kimberley Rice Kaestner 1992 Family Trust, the U.S. Supreme Court was asked to review North Carolina’s attempt to tax an out-of-state trust. Justice Sotomayor, writing for a unanimous court, said the case was about the limits of a State’s power to tax a trust. “The North Carolina […]
Blog
Medicaid is critical for individuals with special needs. It pays for things no one else will pay for and it has recently come under fire. The Arc is working to protect Medicaid for its constituents. It is activating advocates to protect services for the disability community. It is also seeking donations to further its efforts. […]
Since 1980, Medicare pays after another responsible entity pays certain health care claims for Medicare beneficiaries. This is known as Medicare Secondary Payer (MSP). Although the issue arises in other contexts, for Elder Law Attorneys, it usually comes up when an injury claim or a worker’s compensation claim is resolved. For that reason, this post […]
If you follow Women’s College Basketball, then you must have heard of Pat Summitt. Coach Summit was a legend in NCAA women’s basketball prior to leaving the game due to early-onset Alzheimer’s disease. Now, there is a rumored new documentary on Netflix that recounts her journey from player to becoming a legend at the University […]
House Bill 1292 (HB 1292) now imposes new duties on Georgia Notaries effective January 1, 2025. The new law is designed to ensure that deeds, mortgages, liens, maps, plats and state executions are properly authenticated. O.C.G.A. Section 44-2-2 defines “self-filers” as any person who is not exempt. Exempt persons are insurance agents, attorneys, banks, lenders, […]
If you are looking for assistance understanding Elder Law, a Certified Elder Law Attorney can help. Before you can sit for the exam, which (last time we checked) has a forty percent pass rate, Certified Elder Law Attorneys (CELAs) must meet the following criteria: Licensed Attorney: You must be a licensed attorney and an active […]
Not everything goes through someone’s probate estate. That means not everything passes through your Will. If you care how your assets are distributed, then it’s important to coordinate how your probate and non-probate assets pass following your death. Property held as joint tenants with right of survivorship (JTWRS) does not pass through anyone’s Will until […]
Georgia law defines a Will as “the legal declaration of an individual’s testamentary intention regarding that individual’s property or other matters. Will includes the will and all codicils to the will.” O.C.G.A. § 53-1-2(17). A Codicil is “an amendment to or republication of a will.” O.C.G.A. § 53-1-2(4). No particular form is necessary to constitute […]
One question we frequently get is what happens to a home mortgage after my relative (usually mom or dad) dies? The Garn-St. Germain Depository Institutions Act of 1982 addresses so-called due on sale clauses. Specifically, at 12 U.S.C. § 1701j–3(d), the Act provides: With respect to a real property loan secured by a lien on […]
The Veteran’s Administration (the VA) makes long-term care support available for qualifying veterans in several ways. VA Community Living Centers (CLCs) CLCs are VA owned and operated. Veterans can receive nursing level care, including assistance with activities of daily living. Veterans are encouraged to make their rooms feel home-like by decorating their rooms and they […]
On November 8, Medicare announced the 2025 premiums and Co-Pays. The standard monthly premium for Medicare Part B enrollees will be $185.00 for 2025, an increase of $10.30 from $174.70 in 2024. The annual deductible for all Medicare Part B beneficiaries will be $257 in 2025, an increase of $17 from the annual deductible of […]
Before a guardian or the personal representative of an estate takes office, he or she must take an oath. The form is a standard form and can be found here. The oath is usually made in front of the Probate Judge or a clerk with the probate court, but it can be taken out of […]
In Georgia, when actions are filed in Probate Court, some people must be notified before the case can move forward. These individuals are known as parties in interest. Usually service is acknowledged or waived, but not always. Ordinarily a party in interest who does not acknowledge or waive service is entitled to personal service, but […]
What is Form 1041 used for? If an estate or trust has gross income of $600 or more during a tax year, it must file a tax return. The fiduciary of a domestic decedent’s estate, trust, or bankruptcy estate uses Form 1041 to report: The income, deductions, gains, losses, etc., of the estate or trust; […]
IRS Form 56 is used to notify the IRS of the creation or termination of a fiduciary relationship under section 6903 and provide the qualification for the fiduciary relationship under section 6036. Form 56 cannot be used to update the last known address of the person, business, or entity for whom you are acting. Use […]
On November 15, 2024, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services posted the 2025 spousal impoverishment standards. These are the standards used to determine how the amount of income and resources that can be diverted to or retained by a Community Spouse. They also tell us the SSI rate and the Medicaid income cap. In […]
Many people think that estate planning is just having documents prepared. They have a lawyer prepare a Will, get it signed and they’re done. As Lee Corso says on Game Day, “Not so fast!” The hardest part of stepping into someone else’s shoes, whether its as an agent under a power of attorney, or as […]
In Chambers v. Edwards, 365 Ga. App. 482 (2022), William Chambers sued his sister, Kathy Edwards, alleging tortious interference with inheritance. The trial court granted Edwards’ motion to dismiss (converted to a motion for summary judgment when evidence not in the pleadings was considered). The parties’ father died in 2011, leaving everything to their mother. […]
When an injured party sues someone who negligently injured him or her, one form of damages the injured party may recover are medical expenses. However, can those expenses be recovered when they have been paid by someone else? In Bennett v. Haley, 132 Ga. App. 512 (1974), the Court said they can be recovered. The […]
From time to time we re-post David Hultstrom‘s Financial Foundations. Mr. Hultstrom, who is a co-founder of Financial Architects, had the following observations regarding recent stock market highs: As the U.S. stock market (as measured by the S&P 500) hits all-time highs, I thought some historical perspective on it might be useful. Over the 98 […]
If called upon to determine the meaning of a trust, or to resolve some ambiguity, Court look for the intent of the Settlor. As stated in Strange v. Towns, “The cardinal rule in construing a trust instrument is to discern the intent of the settlor and to effectuate that intent within the language used and […]
There are a number of laws protecting your privacy and the privacy of your information. This page describes several of them, but it is not meant to be comprehensive. If you have specific questions regarding privacy laws, you should consult with an attorney. Georgia does not have any specific “state” privacy laws. Still, in Georgia, […]
Everyone should have a Will. If you don’t have a Will then your stuff might go to someone you don’t like when you die. Or it might go to a laughing heir. But if you don’t have your own Will prepared, then the State has a Will for you (and you might not like it). […]
The following sample language comes from a trust that was drafted years ago, however it remains useful in understanding issues to consider when drafting trusts: Appointment of Trustee. During my lifetime, [TRUSTEE] shall act as the sole Trustee of all trusts created in this agreement, with the full powers, duties and responsibilities as set forth […]
One of the most important tasks when creating a trust is selecting the trustee. You can have the best trust ever written, but if the trustee doesn’t follow the trust agreement, or worse, if the trustee intentionally violates the terms of the trust, then you’ve failed. There is a saying that you should not let […]
When the Deficit Reduction Act of 2005 changed 42 U.S.C. § 1396p, new restrictions were imposed on promissory notes. Subsection (c)(1)(I) note provides that the purchase of a promissory notes is treated as a transfer subject to the penalty rules unless the note meets the following guidelines: (I) For purposes of this paragraph with respect […]
In Lamle ex rel. Lamle v. Shropshire (W.D. Oklahoma 5/29/2024), a United States District Court upheld a denial of benefits where three Medicaid applicants refused to answer questions about promissory notes. Penelope Lamle, Marilyn Garrison and Maxine Houston each loaned money to others in exchange for a promissory note. Lamle and Garrison made loans to […]
In Hammerberg v. Department of Human Servs. (Minn. Ct. App. 4/22/2024), the State made an estate recovery claim against what appears to have been an income only trust. Very little of the trust language appears in the decision, but the “trust instrument required the trustee to pay all income derived from the trust to the” […]
Service animals used by individuals with a disability can only be excluded from public places if they cannot be controlled by their handler or if they are not house broken. See Title II, Section 35.136. Usually service animals must be harnessed, leashed or tethered unless the individual’s disability prevents using those devices or unless it […]
On July 26, 1990, President George H.W. Bush signed into law the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 (“ADA”), a comprehensive civil rights law prohibiting discrimination on the basis of disability. The law was amended on September 25, 2008, when President George W.Bush signed into law the Americans with Disabilities Amendments Act of 2008 (ADA […]
The Tennessee Justice Center and its legal partners brought a class action in the U.S. District Court for the Middle District of Tennessee alleging that TennCare’s for reevaluating eligibility was defective and failed to provide notice and an opportunity for a hearing. TJC alleged that TennCare’s policies and practices caused thousands of Tennesseans to lose […]
*Note: On December 3, 2024, the US District Court for the Eastern District of Texas granted a nationwide preliminary injunction prohibiting the federal government from enforcing the CTA, its implementing regulations and its reporting deadlines. See Texas Top Cop Shop, Inc., et al. v. Garland, et al., Case No. 4:24-cv-478 (E.D. Tex.). See National Law […]
The American Housing and Economic Mobility Act of 2021 (now “of 2024”) may have taken on new life recently as Kamala Harris promised, if elected, to make housing affordable. That promise has to be funded somehow and the “how” of it seems to be rolling back the estate and gift tax exclusion amounts significantly. At […]
Review Account Statements and Notify Law Enforcement of Suspicious Activity As a precautionary measure, remain vigilant by reviewing all of your account statements and credit reports at least monthly. If you notice any suspicious activity, you should promptly notify the financial institution or company with which the account is maintained. You also should promptly report […]
On July 19, 2024, the IRS published final regulations regarding required minimum distributions (RMDs) from qualified plans. Required Minimum Distributions (RMDs) are the minimum amounts you must withdraw from your retirement accounts each year. You generally must start taking withdrawals from your traditional IRA, SEP IRA, SIMPLE IRA, and retirement plan accounts when you reach […]
Section 1115 of the Medicaid statute allows sates to test new or existing ways to deliver and pay for health care services in Medicaid and the Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP). The home health waivers are designed to meet the needs of people who prefer to get long-term care services and supports in their home […]
On August 13, 2024, from 3pm to 4pm ET, the Center for Medicare Advocacy is hosting a free webinar titled: Medicare 101: Where to Begin and How to Make the Most of Medicare. Understanding Medicare is important – whether you are currently enrolled in Medicare, or you may qualify in the future. This presentation will […]
Child Support for Disabled Children Over 18 Between 1993 and June 30, 2024, Georgia Courts could only award child support through age 18 in most circumstances. There was an exception allowing child support to continue through age 20 if the child was still in high school. HOWEVER, beginning July 1, 2024, that rule changed. HB […]
Award of Custody to Grandparent Overturned In Geiger v. Allmond, 371 Ga. App. 641 (May 23, 2024), the Court of Appeals reversed a trial court decision awarding custody of two minor children to their paternal grandmother. Several cases were consolidated on appeal. Ashely Geiger, the mother, appealed the award of custody to Patti Allmond, the […]
In City of Grants Pass, Oregon v. Johnson (U.S. 6/28/2024), the U.S. Supreme Court held that enforcement of generally applicable laws regulating camping on public property does not constitute “cruel and unusual punishment” prohibited by the Eighth Amendment. This decision followed the City of Grants Pass’ adoption of an ordinance restricting homeless individuals from camping […]
Mavis, who was 77, survived her husband, Jerry. She filed a Petition for Year’s Support and the Probate Court awarded her a life estate in the marital residence. Michael, one of Jerry’s children from a prior marriage, appealed. He argued that the record did not support a finding that Mavis’ economic need justified the award […]
Stetson’s College of Law announced that it will offer a graduate certificate program for Elder Law Attorneys who need tax knowledge, but not the Tax LL.M. They state: Many cases affecting clients involve tax issues. Because clients often fall in the middle class, they do not always need sophisticated tax planning. But, attorneys who represent […]
The amounts below are the estate tax exclusion amounts as provided by the IRS. Unless Congress takes action, in 2026, the exclusion amount will revert to the pre-2018 level ($5,490,000, adjusted for inflation) per deceased person. You can, however, use your exemption now. On November 26, 2019, the IRS clarified that individuals taking advantage of […]
Sometimes finding Medicaid law is tough, but we hope to give you resources here. Federal and state statutes, regulations and case law is available to subscribers of LEXIS and Westlaw. The federal statute, which is Title XIX of the Social Security Act, is at 42 U.S.C. § 1396 et seq. (the “Medicaid Act”). The federal […]
At common law there is no obligation to reimburse the government for financial support and services received while impoverished. When the Medicaid Act was enacted, Congress gave States the option of pursuing estate recovery and, until 1993, estate recovery remained optional. Now, within the parameters of the federal rule, States must pursue estate recovery (1) […]
“Each participating State develops a plan containing reasonable standards . . . for determining eligibility for and the extent of medical assistance” within boundaries set by the Medicaid statute and the Secretary of Health and Human Services.” Wis. Dep’t of Health & Family Servs v. Blumer, 534 U.S. 473 (2002) (quoting Schweiker v. Gray Panthers, […]
